ABSTRACT
Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Experiencias Espirituales Diarias (DSES). Se analiza específicamente la consistencia interna, la discriminación de los ítems, la estructura factorial exploratoria y confirmatoria, y la validez constructiva. Método. Se conformó una muestra de 692 adolescentes y jóvenes entre los 12 y los 28 años. Se aplicó además la Escala de Experiencias Espirituales Diarias y la dimensión bienestar emocional de la Escala Multidimensional de Flourishing. Resultados. Se evidenciaron ítems discriminativos y buena consistencia interna. Se comprobó la estructura unifactorial, y se halló correlación entre la espiritualidad y el bienestar emocional, lo cual respalda la validez constructiva. Se concluye que la DSES presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas que apoyan su uso para la evaluación de la espiritualidad en adolescentes y jóvenes argentinos.
Objective. The present work aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), specifically analyzing the internal consistency, the discrimination of the items, the exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure, and the constructive validity. Method. A sample of 692 adolescents and young adults aged between 12 and 28 years old was collected. In addition, the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale and the emotional well-being dimension of the Multidimensional Flourishing Scale were applied. Results. Discriminatory items and good internal consistency were evidenced. The unifactorial structure was verified, and a correlation between spirituality and emotional well-being was found, which supports the construct's validity. It is concluded that the DSES has adequate psychometric properties that support its use for the evaluation of spirituality in Argentine adolescents and young adults.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Psychometrics , Spirituality , Emotional Regulation , ArgentinaABSTRACT
El objetivo de la investigación que se informa fue adaptar la Escala de Probabilidad de Perdón de Rye y colaboradores (2001) a una población adolescente argentina. A tal fin se realizaron dos estudios con residentes de la ciudad de Paraná (Argentina). El Estudio 1 tuvo como objetivo evaluar la validez factorial de la escala y con el Estudio 2 se puso a prueba el modelo de la escala surgido en el Estudio 1 a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio. La muestra del Estudio 1 estuvo compuesta por 170 adolescentes (85 varones y 85 mujeres), con una media de edad igual a 15.60 (DE = 1.30) y la muestra del Estudio 2 estuvo compuesta por 294 adolescentes (131 varones y 163 mujeres), con una media de edad igual a 15.60 (DE = 1.35). Para el Estudio 1 se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio. Previamente se evaluó el índice de adecuación muestral de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO = .78) y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett (χ²= 317; p = .000), los cuales indicaron la pertinencia para realizar el análisis factorial exploratorio. Finalmente resultó un único factor que explicaba el 32.79% de la variancia. En cuanto a la consistencia interna de la escala se obtuvo un índice Alpha de Cronbach igual a .76 para los diez ítems en la muestra de 170 adolescentes. Teniendo en cuenta el Estudio 2, el análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró un buen ajuste del modelo propuesto, con los siguientes resultados: χ²(32) = 86.27; p =.000, χ²/gl = 2.69, CFI = .93, GFI = .94, RMR = .059 y RMSEA = .076. La adaptación del instrumento mostró buenas propiedades psicométricas de la escala para su uso en población argentina.
Forgiveness has positive implications for the emotional and social development. Several investigations have concluded that there is a strong negative correlation between forgiveness and the expression of anger and depression. It has been empirically shown that forgiveness has positive effects on mental health and psychophysical well -being. Through this capability the negative feelings of revenge and resentment are transformed into more positive feelings such as compassion and generosity, allowing to convert a negative and painful past into a positive one, thus strengthening the experiences through a reflective and peaceful look. In adolescence grievance situations are usually very frequent. Faced with these situations forgiveness is of great importance to restore the bonds between peers or family; essential bonds for the emotional support at this stage. This clearly shows the importance in the profound study of forgiveness as a variable that fosters psychological health in adolescence. This requires having instruments with good psychometric properties that can measure the ability to forgive in the Spanish - speaking population, more precisely the one from Argentina. The objective of this paper is to adapt Rye's Forgiveness Likelihood Scale (2001) to the Argentinian adolescent population. Two studies were conducted for this purpose. The aim of Study 1 was to evaluate the factorial validity of the scale. Study 2 aimed at testing the scale model emerged in Study 1 through a confirmatory factor analysis. The Study 1 sample consisted of 170 adolescents (85 males and 85 females) with a mean age of 15.60 (SD = 1.30). The Study 2 sample consisted of 294 adolescents (131 males and 163 females) with a mean age of 15.60 (SD = 1.35). Both samples were from Paraná City (Argentina). In both studies the samples were obtained in the same way. It was contacted secondary schools authorities to give them information about our research and to get their permission to carry it out. Then, parents' authorization was asked (informed consent). The samples were taken in groups of 20 to30 adolescents approximately. During the administration at least two researchers were present. It was obtained the KMO sampling adequacy Index (.78) and the Bartlett Test of Sphericity (χ²= 317; p = .000), both of them indicate that it is appropriate to conduct the AFE. From the factor analysis the result is the existence of a single factor that explains 32.79% of the variance. To assess the internal consistency of the Forgiveness Likelihood Scale, the Cronbach Alpha was calculated, showing a coefficient of .76 for the ten items of the scale in the sample of 170 adolescents. As for Study 2, the results of confirmatory factor analysis are: χ²(32) = 86.27; p = .000, χ²/gl = 2.69, CFI = .93, GFI = .94, RMR = .059, and RMSEA = .076. These results indicate a good fit of the proposed model. Thus, both studies convey the good adaptation and psychometric properties of the Forgiveness Likelihood Scale to Argentinian adolescent population. One of the limitations of the present research is the lack of convergent and discriminant validity studies. Both studies were conducted with the original version of the scale, obtaining a positive correlation with the Enright Forgiveness Inventory and other forgiveness measures. Further research should include this type of studies.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Las emociones positivas son aquellas experiencias emocionales en las que predomina el placer o bienestar, con una interpretación personal positiva del suceso, por lo que traen consigo una cascada de cambios subjetivos a nivel fisiológico, psicológico, conductual e incluso social. Estas amplían nuestro repertorio de pensamientos y acciones, y potencian la construcción de recursos personales de manera perdurable. El Cuestionario de Emociones Positivas (CEP) para adolescentes mide las emociones de alegría, sentido del humor, optimismo, tranquilidad, gratitud, interés-entusiasmo y satisfacción con la vida. El propósito del Estudio 1 fue evaluar la validez factorial del Cuestionario de Emociones Positivas, Cuestionario de Schmidt (2008) y obtener una versión breve de este; en el Estudio 2 su propuso probar, mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, la estructura factorial de la versión breve y evaluar la validez de criterio con el comportamiento prosocial. Los resultados muestran una buena validez factorial para el modelo original de 65 elementos con 6 dimensiones. El modelo de 65 ítems se redujo en una versión abreviada de 31 ítems, y se obtuvo un buen ajuste del modelo (χ2 / gl = 1.87 CFI = 0.92 GFI = 0.91). En cuanto a la validez de criterio de la versión breve, se encontró que el comportamiento prosocial estuvo asociado con la alegría y el humor (0.34), la gratitud (0.32) y el interés entusiasmo (0.39) dimensiones que componen el Cuestionario de Emociones Positivas. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de las teorías actuales.
Abstract Positive emotions are those emotional experiences predominating pleasure or well-being, with a positive personal interpretation of the event, bringing a cascade of subjective physiological, psychological, behavioral changes and even social level. They expand our repertoire of thoughts and actions, and strengthen the construction of personal resources in a lasting way. Positive Emotions Questionnaire (CEP) for adolescents measuring the emotions of joy and humor sense, optimism, peace, gratitude, interest-excitement and satisfaction with life. The purpose the study was, in Study 1, to assess the factorial validity of the Positive Emotions Questionnaire by Schmidt (2008) and get a brief version; the purpose of Studio 2 is to test the factor structure of the brief version by confirmatory factor analysis and evaluate the criterion validity with prosocial behavior. A good factorial validity for the original model of 65 items with 6 dimensions was obtained. The model of 65 items was reduced into a brief version of 31 items, obtaining a good fit model (χ2 / gl = 1.87 CFI = 0.92 GFI = 0.91). Regarding the criterion validity of brief version we found that the prosocial behavior was associate with joy and humor (0.34), gratitude (0.32) and interest enthusiasm (0.39) dimensions of Positive Emotions Questionnaire. The results are discussed in light of current theories.